Modeling the near-UV band of GK stars, Paper II: NLTE models

We present a grid of atmospheric models and synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for late-type dwarfs and giants of solar and 1/3 solar metallicity with many opacity sources computed in self-consistent Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE), and compare them to the LTE grid of Short & Hauschildt (2010) (Paper I). We describe, for the first time, how the NLTE treatment affects the thermal equilibrium of the atmospheric structure (T(tau) relation) and the SED as a finely sampled function of Teff, log g, and [A/H] among solar metallicity and mildly metal poor red giants. We compare the computed SEDs to the library of observed spectrophotometry described in Paper I across the entire visible band, and in the blue and red regions of the spectrum separately. We find that for the giants of both metallicities, the NLTE models yield best fit Teff values that are ~30 to 90 K lower than those provided by LTE models, while providing greater consistency between \log g values, and, for Arcturus, Teff values, fitted separately to the blue and red spectral regions. There is marginal evidence that NLTE models give more consistent best fit Teff values between the red and blue bands for earlier spectral classes among the solar metallicity GK giants than they do for the later classes, but no model fits the blue band spectrum well for any class. For the two dwarf spectral classes that we are able to study, the effect of NLTE on derived parameters is less significant.Comment: Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal. Observed spectrophotometric library, and grids of NLTE and LTE) synthetic spectra for GK stars available at http://www.ap.smu.ca/~ishort/PHOENI

Analysis of multispectral images simulating ERTS observations

Simulation studies of selected aircraft and spacecraft acquired images were initiated in response to anticipated desires of the user community for simulated imagery prior to launch of ERTS-A. Principal modes of simulation included: (1) areas of coverage comparable to ERTS; (2) spatial resolutions within these images similar to ERTS; (3) spectral responses analogous to that expected from each channel on both the return beam vidicon and multispectral scanner, leading to production of photographic images that should appear similar to those representing each band in the two sensors; and (4) runthroughs of several analytical techniques, such as color density slicing, color additive viewing, and computer-generated reflectance and surface temperature maps, by which ERTS data can be analyzed, interpreted, and applied. The two areas involved in the simulation study were Wyoming and the Chesapeake Bay region

The correlated response in health cost accompanying selection for milk yield in Jerseys

Health data were recorded for 567 and 193 cows in selection and control herds, respectively. Health costs were expenses due to drugs, labor, and veterinary charges. Health expenses were grouped into one of six health functions: 1) mammary, 2) locomotion, 3) respiration, 4) reproduction, 5) digestion, and 6) other. Costs were summed across lactation and discounted to birth at rates of 0%, 3%, and 6%. Data were analyzed using a model that included year-season, parity, line, sire (line), and lactation length. Selection cows had significantly (P\u3c.001) higher health costs at all three discount rates. Differences were mainly due to higher (P\u3c.01) mammary costs. Differences between lines for other individual function costs were not significant, but were higher in selection cows. Parity, year-season, and stage of lactation were significant (P\u3c.001) non-genetic sources of variation in health costs. Costs were greater for third and later parities and during the first 30 days of lactation. Results indicate that health costs are likely to increase with selection for milk yield; however, additional revenues from increased yield would offset added costs. Increased management in early lactation and later parities may decrease health expense

British attitudes to the Schlesftig-Holstein question, 1848-50

British attitudes during the Schleswig-Holstein War of 1848-50 were predominantly pro-Danish. The invasion of Denmark and the Elbe Duchies by the Confederation of German States, led by Prussia, was looked upon as an attempt by a large and aggressive power to bully a smaller and inoffensive neighbour into surrendering a large part of her territory and excellent ports on the Baltic and Korth Seas. Besides the belief that Denmark had a legal right to the Duchies it was feared that should Germany gain control of this strategic area, she would in time build a merchant fleet and a navy which could offer Britain serious competition. In addition, should the Germans have their own way, the Duchies would probably become members of the Zollverein which already imposed high tariffs on British Goods. Should the Duchies join this union, probably other north German areas would too, and perhaps even a good part of Scandinavia would be economically compelled to enter it. This danger helped to convince many Britons that the Helstat should remain intact

SAtlas: Spherical Versions of the Atlas Stellar Atmosphere Program

Context: The current stellar atmosphere programs still cannot match some fundamental observations of the brightest stars, and with new techniques, such as optical interferometry, providing new data for these stars, additional development of stellar atmosphere codes is required. Aims: To modify the open-source model atmosphere program Atlas to treat spherical geometry, creating a test-bed stellar atmosphere code for stars with extended atmospheres. Methods: The plane-parallel Atlas has been changed by introducing the necessary spherical modifications in the pressure structure, in the radiative transfer and in the temperature correction. Results: Several test models show that the spherical program matches the plane-parallel models in the high surface gravity regime, and matches spherical models computed by Phoenix and by MARCS in the low gravity case.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in A&

Aspects of Heart Disease in Old Age with Special Reference to Hypertension

Abstract Not Provided